Indian Girls: Racing

Extracts from Alfred Jacob Miller’s original text, which accompanied his images of Native Americans, are included below for reference. These words, which shaped how Miller’s contemporaries viewed the watercolors, reveal the racism and sexism embedded in 19th-century exploration and colonization of the western part of what is today the United States.

"Just before sunset these girls have been sent out to search for and bring in the horses,- these have been found, and are making their way home instictively. The girls are doing something of the same kind, with an addition. A challenge had been given and a scrub race ensues, the goal being the old Indian Fort located on the distant prairie. Their long hair is streaming in the wind, and the housings of their horses are gingling and clattering about them to their great delight. (They are fast girls in every sense of the word, and in their costumes no colors can by any possibility be too bright for them.) This is a sensible enjoyment. Few pleasures (we take it) exceed, in this world, that of breathing a fine generous horse over a broad prairie. The Indian Fort seen on the praire is built of crotched logs, so interlaced with each other that it is impossible to separate, without bringing down the whole mass." A.J. Miller, extracted from "The West of Alfred Jacob Miller" (1837).

In July 1858 William T. Walters commissioned 200 watercolors at twelve dollars apiece from Baltimore born artist Alfred Jacob Miller. These paintings were each accompanied by a descriptive text, and were delivered in installments over the next twenty-one months and ultimately were bound in three albums. Transcriptions of field-sketches drawn during the 1837 expedition that Miller had undertaken to the annual fur-trader's rendezvous in the Green River Valley (in what is now western Wyoming), these watercolors are a unique record of the closing years of the western fur trade.

Provenance

Provenance (from the French provenir, 'to come from/forth') is the chronology of the ownership, custody, or location of a historical object. Learn more about provenance at the Walters.

William T. Walters, Baltimore, 1858-1860, by commission; Henry Walters, Baltimore, 1894, by inheritance; Walters Art Museum, 1931, by bequest.