Ancient Near East

ca. 539-331 BCE (Achaemenid)

539-331 BCE (Achaemenid)

539-331 BCE (Achaemenid)

ca. 539-331 BCE (Achaemenid)

538-331 BCE (Achaemenid)

ca. 500 BCE (Achaemenid)

ca. 521-330 BCE (Achaemenid)

ca. 521-330 BCE (Achaemenid)

late 6th-late 4th century BCE (Achaemenid)

5th-4th century BC

5th-4th century BCE

first half 5th century BCE (Achaemenid)

5th-4th century BCE

5th century BCE (Late Period)

248 BCE-226 CE (Parthian)

248 BCE-226 CE (Parthian)

248 BCE-226 CE (Parthian)

226 BCE-7 CE (Sasanian)

mid 2nd-early 1st century BCE (Hellenistic)

1st century BCE-late 1st century CE (Hellenistic-Roman Imperial)

late 1st century BCE-early 1st century CE (Late Hellenistic-early Roman)

1st century CE

1st century CE

69-70 CE (Roman Imperial)

2nd century CE (Roman Imperial)

2nd-3rd century

2nd-3rd century CE (Roman Imperial)

3rd-20th century (?)

224-651 (Sasanian)

224-651 (Sasanian)

224-651 (Sasanian)

224-651 (Sasanian)